Manufacture of bricks



F. P. JONES MANUFACTURE oF BRIGKS Nw. 2v, 1m. V1,415,832.-

have lvor F P. JONES MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS Nov. 27,1923. @475,832

Filed May 9. 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 27, id.

FREDERIC I. JONES, OF SEACOMBE, ENGLAND.

'MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS.

Application filed May 9,

lficially roughencd :surface or' finish; and it has primarily for its object and effect to produce a brick having a surface or face of `an lanticpue `character or appearance, such as many bricks possessed ink the sixteenth and seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; and in the manufacture of `bricks or blocks as hereinafter described the improvements under this invention are comprised.

According ato the method of manufacture under {this invention a strip or strips is or are removed from the bodyof clay or like material of which the'brickor block is made by suitable separating means; and-then the strip or strips `is or are ysubsequently reunited to the body ofthe material by pressing` means,'acting on the surface of same.

The improved brick or block, therefore, is characterized in that itconsists of a body in Which an outer surface part or the outer surface parts which has or have been separated and `reunited under pressure locally,

wivhile the brick and pressing means are moved relatively to each other.

According` to a further feature under this invention, to produce what is considered the best quality or character of antique surface required, the pressing` means for re-uniting the strip or strips svith .the body is capable Aof limited `local movement, or has movement ymadeiand which Lis extruded in andby a ma- `chinethrough a die, it V1s cut in the longitudinal direction onboth sides and the edges,

or some of thennby transverse blades, Wires, or the l(like, and near the surface, which extend throughthe die; and subsequently the strip or strips of -clay-thus separated from 1923. serial no. 637,823.

the body, is or are pressed upon, and it or they `is or are re-unitcd with the clay bar or body, which becomes one again. The result of this is that thesurface effect or finish desired is accomplished; namely, the surface appearance of or resemblance to antique bricks, such for instance :as bricks commonly made in the 16th and 171th Yand 18th centuries.

iVhen under this invention, therefore, the lbricksof the kind referred to are produced by extruding a stream or bar of clay or other material from `a machine, a strip or strips of the body of the material of yWhich .the bricks are made, is or are separated from the body by blades or Wires in the die, and then it or they is or are pressed and joined together or re-united while moving, by vpressers or presser bars or plates heldin sockets or holders which act on the separated outer laminas or strips of clay kor the like, and press same onto the .issuing bar Within it; they being normally pressed onto the outer strip or-strips by meansof springs or elastic medium or Weights; through avhich `also as stated the cutter blades, Wires or :the like extend. Thus the temporary separation or severance of the outer :laminte 'or some of them, and the issuing clay bar, yand the reunion of same is effected Within 'the die itself, and near-its point of issuance.

The thickness of the separated or severed strips varies in accordance Vwith the desired character of surface finish, `say from fi to T13 thick, or other dimensions.

In the case of machine moulded bricks, the orifice or duct leading the lmaterial into or outof the ymould is provided with mea-ns for separating, retarding and 'reuniting Athe Whole as above mentioned.

The `invention Will vbe `further described With reference to the accompanying drawings, which show the dies and parts used in connection with same, namely, the arrangement of Wires or knives, and other parts by wliichthe effectslierein described are accomplished.

Figure l, is an end elevation; `l`Figure 2 is a side elevation partly in section; Figure 3 is a pla-n; and Figure i is a .blau in section.

In the drawing, Il represents the die proper' through which the clay or material is extruded, '2 are the vertical and rtransverse Wires or knives, and' are the pressers which in the case shown arefbars.

The stream or bar of clay or y.other material. extruded from the die is marked 4, and is represented by the shaded parts in Figure l, which show the thin strips 4X at the top, bottom and sides of the bar which are cut off or separated temporarily from the body.

In the case shown, it may be assumed that the separating means 2 are short thin.

blades, they being held at the ends by bolts 6, one of which is threaded, and has a winged nut 7 screwing onto it, by which the blades or wires are drawn up, and the knife held under the required strain or tension. The carrier bolts 6 are supported in brackets 8 on the dies l.

The presser bars 3 lie in sockets l1, and are pressed inwards on to the extruding bar of clay or material by springs l0, by the screw plugs 12 above the sockets 1l, and screwing into the end' part of the die. The springs l0 press the bars 3 on to the surfaces of the clay or like bar 4 with the re quired degree of pressure, which may be yvaried and adjusted to produce different effects on the clay.

The presser bar sockets l1 are provided on the inside of the die, and give freedom of movement or a certain amount of play to the bars, as seen by the drawing; and different adjustments and tensions of the springs produce different surface effects on the bricks; and differential rate of travel between the outer strips 4X and the bar body 4, which affects the character of -the surface produced 'on the bricks. The bars 3 can thus move in a plane at right angles to the sur face of the material or in a parallel direction therewith.

In the case-shown in the drawings, the presser bars 8 are'placed within the die, but they may if desired be carried and act inimediately on its outer edge.

In the case shown the presser bars 3 are immediately in front of the front bar of the separating blades 2.

TheV die is in two parts, the presserrbars being fitted in the front part whilst the separating knives or wires are carried from the back part, on brackets 8 formed thereon; the front portion of the die being carried from the back part by projecting members 13, which fit over and lie on the back part, and are bolted thereto.

In the extrusion of the clay, prior to its coming under the operation of the sepam rating knives or wires, the whole bar is being pressed through the die in a stream of the dimensions of the bricks to be made in length or depth, and the stream or bar of clay will be cut into finished bricks trans versely. The die at the part where the clay bar is acted upon is of the complete size of bar required, and is acted upon at this part by the knives or wires 2; and where the upper and lower edge surfaces, and the two be about t to Jg end surfaces are to receive the roughened or wrinkled surfaces referred to, there will be four of'tnese separating knives or blades or wires, as in the case illustrated in the drawing. u

rIhe separated strips LIX, which say may thick, more or less, are separated by the knives or wires 2, and then subsequently they are acted upon by the spring presser bars 3, at a little distance in front of the point where the separa tion takes place, and preferably near the point of emergence of the clay bar; that is in such a position that they will retard the flow of the separated outer strips. The effect of these spring presser bars, mounted in their s ckets so that they can move in them and have play therein as above referred to, is that the surface effect or character specified is produced; the retarding action or effect of the presser bars on the separated strips promoting the production of these effects. That is, a differential rate of movement is produced between the surface of the separated strips, and the remaining portion of the bar of clay or the like, which hasor promotes this effec In the course of the expression of the bar through the die, and of the expression of the separated portions passed and beyond the presser bars, the whole of the bar becomes reunited into one body, having the roughened or wrinkled or creased surfaces required, the wrinkling or creasing being varied in character somewhat in different Vparts of the surface, so that the wrinkling is irregularly or differently presented or distributed over the different parts of the surface.

It is to be assumed that the bar of clay is pressed through the die `by any known suitable means, a-nd in the` case of machine moulded bricks, the machine will be provided with mea-ns for separating the strips, and pressing same back on to the body, to reunite the whole and produce the required surface effects at a suitable point. l

In some ofthe attempts to produce the character of surface or face, such as many bricks possessed in the 16th and 17th centuries, the roughened surfaces have been obtained by wires or the like fixed in front of a die or other brick making appliance, by which a portion of the clay bar in the form of strips, was separated, and which was subsequently removed by hand or .other means; but theeffect andresult of this action did not produce the well-known and desired surface character or effect.

' In some cases where desired, the parts carrying the separating blades or wires may be adapted to be adjusted on the die so as to act on the bar of clay or the like at different distances from its edge to produce different thickness of separated strips.

By this invention, not only are the surfaces roughened, but as stated they are wrinkled or creased in varying directions all over the surface, which gives the brick the antique appearance or effect required, suc'h as bricks of centuries specilied had; and this effect as sta-ted can be varied or modiied somewhat by differences of pressure on the presser'bars, and differences of amount of freedom or play of same in their sockets, in both directions, in which they are free. to vibrate by their action on the clay strips, and their reaction on them; While also the effect 4will also be varied by the thickness of the separated portions.

IVhat is claimed is:-

1. rI`he manufacture or production of bricks or blocks of the kind referred to, characterized by separating an unbroken slice of the full surface dimensions from the formed body `and then reuniting the severed slice to the body by a pressing means capable of simultaneously ornamenting the surface of the slice.

2. A brick or block, means for separating an outer surface part of full surface area and appreciable thickness from suoli brick, and means for exerting pressure on such separated part to reunite it to the brick.

In a machine for making bricks or the like, severing means to cut from the brick body a slice of the full area of the surface and of appreciable thickness, and a presser bar acting on said severed slice to re-unite the same to the body and simultaneously ornament thersurface of such slice.

1l. In a machine for making bricks or the like, severing means to cut from the brick body a. slice of the full area of the surface and of appreciable thickness, and a presser bar acting on said severed slice to reunite the same to the body, said presser bar having a limited free movement in relation to the surface of the slice, whereby to provide a vibratory or variable pressure action.

5. In a machine for making bricks, means for cutting a plurality of slices from the surfaces of the brick body, and presser bars arranged to imite the severed slices to the body, said bars being adjustable and mounted for limited free movement with relation to the surface of the slice with Which they are cooperating.

6. In a machine for making bricks, a die member for the formation of the brick outline in tivo dimensions, means operating in the die for severing surface slices fromP the formed body, and presser means carried by the die for reuniting the severed slices.

7. In a machine for making bricks, a die member for the formation of the brick outline in tivo dimensions, means operating in the die for severing surface slices from the formed body, and presser means carried by the die for reuniting the severed slices, said presser means having limited free movenient to produce an ornamental effect on the surface of the slice With Which they are cooperating.

8. In a machine for making bricks, a body forming die, material severing means operating Within the die, and material pressing means operating Within the die, whereby portions of the material are. separated from the body and reunited to the same Within the die limits.

9. In a machine for making bricks, abody forming die, material severing means operating Within the die, and presserA bars mounted in the die in advance of the severing means, said presser bars being mounted to permit a limited freedom of movement longitudinally of the die, andmeans to vary the tension of said presser bars.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

F. P. JONES.

Witnesses:

F. DE SALES LYsAGH'r, C. M. Prox. 

